Molybdenum

Pure molybdenum is an element of atomic number 42, with density 10.28g/cm3 and melting point 2620°C (4748F), it is metal shine with silver grey and weakly to be oxidized in atmosphere, normally carbide tool is recommended for machining as of hardness HV220. Due to its high temperature strength, low thermal expansion, good thermal conductivity, typical applications including: heat radiation shielding for vacuum furnace, power semiconductor substrate, glass sealing and melting, components and assemblies for thin film coating devices, ION implanting system.

TZM(Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum)  

Our material of TZM alloy are contented with Ti (0.40-0.55%) and Zr (0.06-0.12%), with small quantities alloying, it increases the re-crystallization temperature by 250°C and perform stronger high temperature strength comparison with pure molybdenum. The finer grain structure of TZM and the formation of TiC and ZrC in the grain boundaries offer better properties of formation and welding abilities. Typical use for TZM are furnace structural components, nozzles, forging tools, rotating anode in X-ray tubes.

MoLa (Molybdenum-Lanthanum Oxide)

MoLa (Molybdenum-Lanthanum Oxide) from Pan-Ocean is produced by sintering with pure molybdenum powder and doped with lanthanum oxide particles (La2O3 0.5-0.7%), this oxide-dispersion strengthened molybdenum is a mixture of molybdenum with a very fine array/dispersion of lanthanum oxide particles, which results in extraordinary resistance to re-crystallization, ductility, and high-temperature deformation. It is an ideal material for applications requiring dimensional stability and strength at temperatures above the capabilities of either pure Molybdenum metal or Molybdenum-TZM alloy. MoLa are preferred for applications in the range of 1200°C up to 1850°C.

Tungsten

Tungsten is a metal with highest melting point of 3420°C(6188K) and density of 19.3g/cm3, It is also characterized by a uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion, Tungsten is therefore very suitable for high-temperature applications. Pan-Ocean uses this materials to manufacture heating elements for high temperature furnace, medical radiation shielding, components and assemblies for thin film deposition system as well as ION implanting systems. The most of tungsten mines was found in China.

Tantalum

Tantalum is a metal of atomic number 73, melting point is 3017°C (5463°F), and density is high up to 16.68g/cm3. Tantalum is blue-gray, dense, ductile, very hard, easily fabricated, and highly conductive of heat and electricity; it also behaves excellent corrosion resistance in most acids and caustics.
Tantalum alloy
Ta-2.5W (RO5252)
This alloy is particularly useful in applications where low temperature strength is important along with high corrosion resistance and good formability, offering higher strength than pure tantalum while maintaining the fabricate characteristics.
Ta-10W (RO5255)
This alloy should be considered when high temperatures of up to 2480°C (4500°F) and high strength in a corrosive environment are required. The alloy has approximately twice the tensile strength of pure tantalum and yet retains tantalum's corrosion resistance and a good portion of tantalum's ductility.

Tantalum and tantalum alloy are showing excellent corrosion resistance, heat transfer properties and workability. It performs both heat resistance and corrosion resistance in a very long period operation, and can be used stably in hydrofluoric acid and strong hot alkali. Its corrosion resistance is similar to glass, and mostly recommended to be used as heat exchanger, condenser, reactor, columns, components for fluid line and valves in extremely hot and corrosive industries.

Niobium

Niobium is a soft and ductile metal, shiny and white in color, Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to tantalum, but the density of niobium is 8.6g/cm3 about half of tantalum, and it is a good substitute of tantalum since it is cheaper and lighter.
The machining characteristics of niobium is similar to those of stainless steel, both high-speed and carbide tools can be recommended for machining, however it does have a tendency to gall, tear and weld to the face of the cutting tool, it is important to use water-soluble cutting oils for cooling in operating. Deep drawing, punching and deformation are easy to be obtained in fabrications.
Niobium is extremely corrosion resistant in demanding applications and heat resistant in high temperature areas, it performs excellent heat transfer properties and exceptional durability for many years operating.
It is widely used and a good Tantalum substitute since it is cheaper and lighter, these applications including: superconducting materials, furnace parts, thin-film substrates, electrical contacts, heat sinks, reaction vessel, condenser, heat exchanger, steam heating elements, evaporating boats, sputtering target.

Zirconium

Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal with very good properties of soft, ductile and malleable even at room temperature. Zirconium is highly resistant to corrosion by alkalis, acids, salt water and other agents.
In nuclear reactor of commercial power generation station, Hafnium-free zirconium has been used as a low absorption cross section for thermal neutrons,
Commercial-quality zirconium for most uses still has a content of 1% to 3% hafnium, and this contaminant is unimportant except in nuclear applications. The most commercial applications for zirconium are being used as re-boilers, evaporators, tanks, packings, trays, reactor vessels, pumps, valves and pipeline in the chemical processing industry.

Hafnium

Hafnium is a shiny, silvery, ductile metal, the chemistry of hafnium and zirconium is so similar that the two is the most difficult to separate on the basis of differing chemical reactions in all the elements, but zirconium impurities affect its physical properties and its nuclear properties, and there is no significant affection for commercial grade hafnium with Zirconium content 1%- 3%.
Hafnium has a good mechanical properties and extremely corrosion resistant as well as excellent nuclear absorption properties for thermal neutrons (almost 600 times that of zirconium). It is typically used as control rods in nuclear reactors, also because of similarity between zirconium and hafnium, it makes the possibility to employ zirconium instead of hafnium in most applications, from the engineering ceramics, hafnium carbide is the most refractory binary composition known with the highest melting temperature of 4215°C. 
Hafnium is also used as the electrode in plasma cutting.

Chromium

Chromium is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal, and has a high melting point of 1907°C (3465°F). It is brittle even in high temperature and can not be forged or rolled, normally grinding is suitable for fabrication processing.
The high heat resistance and high melting point makes chromium a high temperature refractory applications, like blast furnaces, cement kilns, molds for the firing of bricks as well as foundry sands for the casting of metals.
In nowadays thin film coating system, chromium is one of important and ideal material for surface coating treatment for tools and other wear parts required.